Cups are placed in holes in the ground that are dug with a golf course cup cutter, which minimizes impact to. Each cup haa an inner diameter of 11 cm at the top, an inner diameter of 8.8 cm at the bottom, and a depth of 7.8 cm. Western Ecological Research Center home page. The pitfall traps that we use consist of two plastic delicatessen cups, steel guide vanes, and a hexagonal steel cover. Fisher, (619) 225-6422.įor more information about USGS scientific research at the Western Ecological Research Center, visit the USGS Send questions or comments about this report to the author, R.N. Tools and the accessible reader may be obtained free from Adobe at Adobe (English only), which contains support for screen readers, is available. ![]() In addition, an accessible version of Adobe Reader 8.0 for Windows ![]() These toolsĬonvert Adobe PDF documents into HTML or ASCII text, which then can be readīy a number of common screen-reading programs that synthesize text as audible This information provides tools to help make PDF files accessible. Have the Adobe Reader, it is available for free download from Adobe SystemsĪdobe Systems Incorporated has information about PDFs and the visually impaired. This report is available online in Portable Document Format (PDF). ![]() ContentsĪppendix 1. Materials and supplies needed to build, maintain, and sample a pitfall trapping array.Īppendix 2. Species codes and abbreviatoins. As with any study, much consideration should be given to the study design and methods before beginning any data collection effort. Techniques for data storage and presentation are given based on commonly use computer applications. Methods are presented for conducting vegetation surveys that can be used to classify the environment associated with each pitfall trap array. Animal specimen processing procedures, including toe- and scale-clipping, are described for lizards, snakes, frogs, and salamanders. Recommended data collection techniques are given along with suggested data fields. Descriptions of the materials needed and the methods to build trapping equipment from raw materials are discussed. The steps necessary to conduct a pitfall trapping survey for small terrestrial vertebrates are presented. Geological Survey and Ted Case, University of California Abstract The trap cup is filled approximately halfway with a 50/50 mixture of propylene glycol and 70% ethanol, with a pinch of dentonium benzoate added to deter mammals from drinking the solution.Book 2, Collection of Environmental Data Herpetological Monitoring Using a Pitfall Trapping Design in Southern Californiaīy Robert Fisher, Drew Stokes, Carlton Rochester, Cheryl Brehme, and Stacie Hathaway, U.S. A hexagonal steel cover, made by bending the corners of a equilateral triangle to form downward projecting points, is placed over the top of the nested cups to help divert rain. We either use three guide vanes placed equilaterally around the cups and sunk in the ground approximately 2.0 cm, or one guide vane placed between two pitfall traps. Each of the steel guide vanes used per trap measures 7.2 cm by 30.6 cm. Two cups, one inside the other, are placed in each hole so that that any rain water will fill the bottom cup and float the top cup upwards to prevent loss of the trap contents. Cups are placed in holes in the ground that are dug with a golf course cup cutter, which minimizes impact to the surrounding area. The pitfall traps that we use consist of two plastic delicatessen cups, steel guide vanes, and a hexagonal steel cover. Pitfalls can be covered to help prevent excessive rain from overflowing the cup, they can have guide vanes that may help guide organisms into the cup, and they may be baited to capture more specific types of insects. Insects and other organisms crawling about on the ground simply walk into the container and then cannot get out. (1999) compared abundance and the number of morpho-species collected in a standard number (15) of pitfall traps with diameters of 4.3, 7.0, 11.1, and 17.4 cm. ![]() There are many variations of pitfall traps, but in its most basic form, a pitfall trap consists of some type of cup or other container (gallon bucket, for example) that is submerged in the soil and partially filled with a preservative. Luff (1975) found that glass pitfall traps with 6.5 cm diameter caught a greater total number of Coleoptera than did glass traps of 2.5 cm diameter.
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